Rate of Turn

[MONK]

Hi

Can anyone help with a quick way to work out bank angles required for standard /rate 1 turns for jets? Thank you!!

[Red Jet]

ROT (aviation)

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The aviation (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviation) term ROT stands for rate one turn, also known as a standard rate turn. All aircraft (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft) must be able to perform a standard rate turn.
A standard rate turn for (light) airplanes is defined as a 3° per second turn, which completes a 360° turn in 2 minutes. This is known as a 2-minute turn, or rate one (= 180°/minute).
For heavy airplanes a standard rate turn is a 4-minute turn.
Instruments, either the turn and bank indicator (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turn_and_bank_indicator) or the turn coordinator (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turn_coordinator), have the standard rate turn clearly marked. Light aircraft are equipped with 2-minute turn indicators while heavy aircraft are equipped with 4-minute turn indicators. This is very useful to pilots who are out of visual contact with the ground and for air traffic control when appropriate separation of aircraft is desired. The pilot banks the airplane such that the turn and slip indicator points to the standard rate turn mark and then uses a watch to time the turn. The pilot can pull out at any desired direction depending on the length of time in the turn.
A rate half turn (1.5° per second) is normally used when flying faster than 250 kt. The term rate two turn (6° per second) used on some low speed aircraft.
Angle of Bank formula
The formula for calculating the angle of bank for a specific True Airspeed (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Airspeed) (TAS) is:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/a/7/9/a7927b69b67cef86a3852770f02447ab.png
where r is the radius of the turn and g is the acceleration due to gravity. For a rate one turn and velocity in kt (nautical miles per hour), this comes to
http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/4/a/d4aeeb6ba944164a5848a275d50308e4.png.
A convenient approximation for the bank angle in degrees is
http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/6/9/c/69c3aed9b4e58145ff3a03cd93f175d9.png
Radius of Turn formula
One might also want to calculate the radius of a Rate 1,2 or 3 turn at a specific TAS.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/e/d/3/ed37f093cb96614676b2d7a307b0b3ff.png
Use this formula to calculate the radius of turn in feet given velocity in knots and angle of bank:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/9/b/5/9b56d96e559518db49c8becf34f11c6f.png
This is a simplified formula that ignores slip and returns zero for 90 degrees of bank.
The constant 11.29 is calculated:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/0/3/6/036e9548c44fc885df1c9dcfe227c4ba.png
http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/e/0/e/e0ea3a389fe56aa6261841f7811491a6.png
http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/6/a/b/6ab15a8ee9c89a65a7dd4c8b38b5ae13.png
http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/0/5/7/0576955c4f177e24bdbf106ba9b0d74a.png
http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/c/8/9/c89ff9fc3d835e3c836c94b780f3e436.png

[littlehurcules]

Geez - my head hurts ...:zzz: :ugh:

[White and Fluffy]

TAS / 10 + 7 = AoB

(not sure if this is effective at higher speeds or has a cut off)

[breakfastburrito]

Turns. All turns nil wind should be at a bank angle of 25° or Rate One, whichever requires a lesser bank
AIP ENR 3.2.1 (d)

So basically below 180kts, use the formula, above 180kts 25° AOB.

[Capt Fathom]

There's not much to work out!

For most jets, your angle of bank is limited to 25deg.

For a 2 min turn and 25deg of bank, the maximum speed is about 170kts.

For a 2 min turn and 30deg of bank, the maximum speed is about 210kts.

With the angle of bank limited, once you exceed those speeds, you won't achieve a standard rate turn!

Eg. At 500kts and 25deg bank, it will take 6 mins to do a 360 turn!

There's an online calculator here (http://www.luizmonteiro.com/Misc.aspx#LoadFactor) that shows what goes on!

[KRUSTY 34]

It's a DJ interview question, so it's worth knowing the in's and out's. Beyond that...:rolleyes:

[The Green Goblin]

KISS!

If you are flying the average GA aeroplane and are doing say 120 knots, drop the zero off 120 = 12 and add 7 (19 degrees or 20 rounded up)

Once you hit 25 degrees (say a Baron doing 180) then limit it to 25.

In the Jepps (Terminal AU-5 2.1 d.) it states that turns in nil wind should be at a bank angle of 25 degrees or rate one, whichever is less.

[Arnold E]

Interesting! I hold a CPL but have never seen the formula that Red Jet has presented.

[Capt Fathom]

In the Jepps (Terminal AU-5 2.1 d.) it states that turns in nil wind should be at a bank angle of 25 degrees or rate one, whichever is less.

Why do people repeat what has already been posted?

[Counter-rotation]

Read an OP and can't wait to start writing... :D