2.4% regulatory climb gradient for single engine
I read in one of the posts that multi-engine plane must meet regulatory climb gradient for single engine of 2,4% in order to takeoff. If my single engine performance is less then 2.4% am I not allowed to depart ??? Could someone please elaborate on it.
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That is true.
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Maybe... See FAR 25.121(b) for one set of regulations. Where are you, at what point are you measuring, and in what configuration?
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I'm guessing that you're referring to second segment performance...what about obstacle clearance or runway geometry limits?:hmm:
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The required gradient varies with number of engines. That is the minimum gradient to meet certification rules and applies even if departing over a cliff and the flight path is over the ocean w/o and obstacle in a thousand miles.
GF |
GF:
The required gradient varies with number of engines. That is the minimum gradient to meet certification rules and applies even if departing over a cliff and the flight path is over the ocean w/o and obstacle in a thousand miles. Also, there are the gross and net paths. |
Aterpster
No argument there, just posting the certification case. Obstacle clearance is also required, in all cases, not just when a obstacle gradient is published. i.e. 3.3% minimum. GF |
Your runway analysis or performance calculation considers many variables any one of which on a given day on a given runway could be the limiting factor for your t/o. The climb limit is all about your engine out climb capabiltiy. On a twin you are meant to achieve a 2.4% gross or 1.6% net gradient. (numbers are different for 3 & 4 eng. a/c.) The .8 % difference could be the air between you and the rocks if you are climb limited.
SID's are based on a 3.3% climb gradient which is why flying a SID with an engine out is very brave unless your company has assessed the SID to assure that 2.4% will keep you safe. There are companies that do this to simplify their performance calculations, which is fine for them but it muddies the waters for the rest of us as their pilots then will insist that flying the SID with an engine out is safe. It may be for them in their specific op. but it's generally not. J. T. We need your quiet voice of reason on this. |
Aterpster, what do you consider to be the certification takeoff flight path, do you consider it to end at 1500 feet (Note, I know that he is in FAA land :))
Dariuszw How do you account for obstacles in the CitationJet?? Mutt |
My obsticle avoidance is accounted by following sids which is official single engine out procedure and no Mutt, Im definitely not in FAA land anymore :( at least not for the last four years. Im in JAA's land now. Anyway, thank you for your answers.
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Some comments -
If my single engine performance is less then 2.4% am I not allowed to depart Correct with caveats. If your OEI (presuming you are talking a twin) gradient capability is less than 2.4% (gross) for second segment, then you are above the AFM WAT limit for the conditions and considering operating outside the AFM certification limits. WAT limits are the limiting gradient requirement to provide some modest climb capability regardless of any other consideration. unless your company has assessed the SID to assure that 2.4% will keep you safe. .. or, more likely, has restricted RTOW to provide a profile appropriate to the SID. but it's generally not fair comment |
This is true and I have been turned away for this very reason.
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My obsticle avoidance is accounted by following sids which is official single engine out procedure Can you please supply a reference for this statement, start with your Jeppesen Manual......... Aterpster is in FAA land...... :) Mutt |
The aircraft is certified at 2.4% for the 2nd segment. Within its flight envelope it will always make this. This is simple regulations. And you cannot depart outside the aircraft limitations (to which the aircraft was certified) under any normal circumstances.
So the only thing that can be done is finding more performance (new certification), reducing weight or finding a regulator that will allow you to operate outside AFM limits. The gross flightpath is simply the takeoff flight path that is ACTUALLY flown by the aircraft (starting 35ft above the end of the takeoff distance) The net flightpath is the gross flightpath minus a mandatory reduction of 0.8% (twin) The net flightpath ALSO has to clear all obstacles by at least 35ft The climb limit therefore only arises when the gross flight path minus 0,8% (net flight path) does not clear all obstacles by at least 35ft. The 0,8% is therefore an extra safety margin (I guess for mishandling) on top of the minimum obstacle clearance of 35ft. It is not the obstacle clearance itself. |
Mutt;
Aterpster, what do you consider to be the certification takeoff flight path, do you consider it to end at 1500 feet (Note, I know that he is in FAA land http://images.ibsrv.net/ibsrv/res/sr...lies/smile.gif) In the real world of 121.189 it ends at 1,500 only if en route climb can be achieved at that point ( 5 s.m. each side of centerline and in en route climb configuration). Unlike you I am not a performance engineer. :ooh: |
Maximum Weight Permitted by Climb chart
Does any one know what the "Maximum Takeoff Weight Permitted by Climb Requirements" chart uses for a minumum gradient? I assume this is a single engine chart.
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Mutt:
Can you please supply a reference for this statement, start with your Jeppesen Manual......... Aterpster is in FAA land...... http://images.ibsrv.net/ibsrv/res/sr...lies/smile.gif In many cases the SID won't work, in which case the game remains unchanged, with one exception. If transition from the SID to a feasible OEI path will not work when an engine fails after takeoff but early in the departure phase the operator is permitted to develop its own departure procedure that will work for both normal (comply with TERPS) and OEI conditions(AC 90-121). This option is not used often and then only when ATC will accept it in advance (usually at lighter traffic airports). |
The maximum TOW limited by climb requirements (WAT limit) for Transport Category Airplanes is based on the most limiting of three T.O. climb requirements with one engine inoperative (gradients for twins):
25.121(a): 0%; Vlof; gear down; T.O. flap, T.O. thrust 25.121(b): 2.4%, V2; gear up; T.O. flap; T.O. thrust 25.121(c): 1.2%; Vfto; gear up; flaps up; M.Cont. thrust The conditions for these requirements differ in some details from those used to establish the take-off flight path, notably with respect to the variation of thrust with altitude.
Originally Posted by Jock737
The climb limit therefore only arises when the gross flight path minus 0,8% (net flight path) does not clear all obstacles by at least 35ft.
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Dariuszw:
My obsticle avoidance is accounted by following sids which is official single engine out procedure and no Mutt, Im definitely not in FAA land anymore at least not for the last four years. Im in JAA's land now. |
Of course he doesnt...:suspect:
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