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Pilot Shortage (article) Cargo

Old 4th Mar 2008, 01:29
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Pilot Shortage (article) Cargo

Beyond Crews Control
A shortage of pilots is tripping up freighter expansion plans in Asia, and many believe the airlines' new capacity is going to get worse




Beyond Crews Control

A shortage of pilots is tripping up freighter
expansion plans in Asia, and many believe the
airlines' new capacity is going to get worse

Ian Putzger

Texas is still waiting for its freighter link to Shenzhen in the heart of the Pearl River Delta.

According to plan, Jade Cargo Airlines was due last June to launch weekly 747-400 freighter flights from its Shenzhen, China, base through Shanghai to the North, across the Pacific to Vancouver and on to Houston. The strategy was to be the latest addition of cargo capacity to an already-busy trade lane, but the space was coming to secondary cities that didn't necessarily have the yield and pricing problems of the more familiar gateways.


Click to Enlarge
Instead, Jade's effort hit a roadblock on a second capacity front that rarely catches the attention of the air cargo business. The airline wasn't hit by the lack of aircraft availability, nor by the lack of freight looking for a way across the ocean. Instead, Jade Cargo's first trans-Pacific venture was tripped up by a lack of pilots.

Initially Jade signaled that the problem would be resolved soon to clear the way for flights through Portland, Ore., to Dallas instead of the original routing. But the pilot shortage is still hurting the airline. Operations had to be pared down, and U.S. flights have receded into an uncertain future.

"In the short term, Jade is not going to fly to the U.S.," said Nils Haupt, director of corporate communications at Lufthansa Cargo, one of the parent companies of Jade Cargo. "First they have to stabilize the situation."

Perhaps the best reflection of the magnitude of the challenge is that Jade now is led by Kay Kratky, Lufthansa Cargo's former senior vice president of transportation and flight operations. He was dispatched to China last year to assess and remedy the situation.

For airlines that normally depend on analyzing the basics of aircraft economics and market dynamics in assessing routes and strategies, a shortage of qualified pilots has provided a rude awakening to changes well outside the usual trade lanes. In Asia, where countries have seen an upheaval in trading patterns in recent years, finding pilots has emerged as one of they toughest issues for start-ups as well as incumbent airlines.

Marsha Bell, vice president of marketing of Alteon Training, the commercial training arm of Boeing, pointed to the growth rate of aviation in China, which basically sees a doubling of the commercial jet aircraft fleet in three years. Freighter operators in the region are helping feed that demand.

"China needs on average 2,500 pilots a year over the next 20 years," she said.


According to the Civil Aviation Administration of China, the country will need over 9,000 more pilots by 2010 to handle the controls of the new Boeing and Airbus planes that are entering the Chinese fleet at a rate of 150 a year.

Between December 2007 and 2012, Airbus stands to deliver 372 planes to Chinese airlines and Boeing is on course for 335 aircraft.

China's flight schools cannot keep up with this pace. Last September, the CAAC warned they could only train 7,000 pilots until 2010, leaving a shortfall of 2,000.

The authorities as well as the Chinese carriers are straining to boost training capacities. The CAAC has reached out to the International Air Transport Association to find a way to incorporate the new multi-crew training concept in its licensing processes. Air China has reserved land to build a training center in Beijing with 30 flight simulators, probably the largest facility in the world. In Shanghai, Alteon opened a training center at the end of last year that can train 600 pilots in a year. It is equipped with a 757/767 simulator, to which a 787 simulator is due to be added shortly.

Due to strong demand in China for the new 787, Alteon is looking for a second location for a 787 simulator, Bell said.

Interestingly, the company is unlikely to deploy a 777 simulator in the region. The twin-engine, long haul widebody has proved a popular aircraft in Asia and is just hitting the freighter market, where its flexibility is considered important to the varying stage lengths and changing markets within Asia.

As 777 operators tend to buy their own simulators, Alteon will probably team up with a 777 carrier to market its excess training capacity, as it has done with ANA in Japan, Bell said.

Worried about the strain on traffic control and congested airports as well as the flight crew shortage, the CAAC is stepping on the brakes to keep aviation growth in check. Flights to and from the main hubs were curtailed last fall, and approval for new start-ups has slowed to a crawl. By some estimates, close to 20 aspiring carriers in China are waiting for operating licenses at the moment.

For the foreseeable future, China will have to supplement the output of its training schools with pilots from other countries, Bell said.


But the changing dynamics within Asia are only part of the story.

The growth of trade within the region and the swelling supply chains connected to Europe and North America are drawing more capacity from carriers outside the region, and some of that is eating up workforce capacity. The increasingly open air services treaties and operating agreements between countries and regional blocs such as the Association of Southeast Asia Nations countries also has made hiring pilots more competitive on an international scale.

Having an open regulatory environment that allows the recruitment of expatriate flight crews can be a big advantage for an airline, according to Ram Menen, executive vice president of cargo of Emirates Airlines. "We can recruit pilots from any nationality. In the EU, you need EU nationals," he said.

Emirates and other Middle Eastern airlines have been accused of aggressively recruiting pilots from other countries, but they are not the only ones that are looking far and wide for flight crews. Korean Air has expedition teams that regularly visit the United States and some other countries, such as Brazil. Indian carriers have also been eager to sign up experienced pilots from North America.

"Increasingly airlines are looking globally for pilots. The market is changing. In the past, pilots usually stayed with one airline," said Bell.

Indeed, the pilot shortage has become a global issue; it is just more pronounced in Asia, thanks to China's rapid growth in aviation, she said. According to IATA, about 17,000 pilots are going to be needed every year in the next 18 years to match the projected growth in the world jet aircraft fleet of some 19,000 new planes until 2025.

The situation is in danger of turning dire soon in Australia, according to Regional Express, the country's largest regional carrier. By its estimates, the country needs an additional 1,800 pilots over the coming two years but will probably train less than half of that.

Larger carriers will poach pilots from regional operators, driving some of the smaller outfits to the wall, the carrier warned.


In the United States, legacy carriers have had to cancel flights due to insufficient flight crews.

However, the causes of these problems are hotly disputed between carrier management on one side and pilot groups on the other. Northwest and United Airlines have come under harsh criticism from the Air Line Pilots Association, which has argued the shortages were the result of mismanagement, chiefly from over-zealous job cuts as airline boards tried to trim costs to stem hemorrhaging losses.

Some relief came last December, when the government raised the mandatory retirement age for pilots from 60 to 65 years. By Federal Aviation Administration estimates, this should alleviate the shortage by some 3,800 pilots in the coming years.

Elsewhere the legislative move in Washington was received less enthusiastically. Airlines in a number of countries where the retirement age was set at 65 have traditionally wooed pilots from jurisdictions with a 60-year cut-off mark, Bell said. "That pool is dwindling. Most countries are moving to 65," she said.

IATA favors the raising of the retirement roof to 65, but argues this is not enough to prevent a serious shortage in the coming years.

The airline body has been pushing for a new approach to pilot training, notably the multi-crew pilot licensing training program the International Civil Aviation Organization endorsed in 2006. This concept is more aircraft-focused and simulator-based, as opposed to the traditional approach, which emphasizes actual flying and prepares a pilot for solo flying.

At the FAA's International Safety Forum in Washington last December, IATA Director General Giovanni Bisignani stressed the need for new training parameters. "Pilot training has not changed in 60 years. We are still ticking boxes with an emphasis on flight hours," he said.

The idea has been embraced by the Association of Asia-Pacific Airlines, which last year launched an initiative to apply multi-crew license standards across Asia, Bell said.

Changing training parameters and boosting capacities must be met with a drive to entice young people to want to become pilots. The profession has lost some of its glamor, resulting in lower numbers of applicants, according to Jade's Kratky. The airlines have to do a better job marketing the career to potential candidates, he says.

Bell agrees the profession has lost some of its luster, in part because of the cuts in numbers as well as in pilot benefits and remuneration in recent years. "We need to reinstall some of the romance and excitement that used to be associated with this job," she said.

Arguably this could be tougher for all-cargo carriers, with their flights at odd hours and destinations as likely to include industrial zones as the more familiar gateways. "Passenger airlines tend to pay more and offer better lifestyles, so cargo is feeling the squeeze more," said Ron Mathison, general manager and director of cargo at Cathay Pacific.

Most airline executives are at pains to deflect suggestions that cargo could be hurt more than passenger operations. "There will be a lot of demand for passenger pilots, but I don't think it will put pressure on us. Some pilots like to fly for cargo airlines, because no day is the same," said Menen.

Some carrier executives, on the other hand, suggest the pain may be worse on the cargo side.

Ken Choi, who retired from the helm of Korean Air Cargo at the end of last year, said in November the world's largest international cargo carrier occasionally had to wet-lease freighters due to limitations on cockpit crews even though it had aircraft available. "It's almost impossible for cargo planes to have their own crews because they're all in use on passenger planes," he said.

In any case, the situation is unlikely to get easier in the near term and there is widespread agreement that carriers and their customers are seeing only the start of a longer-term phenomena. "I think the pilot shortage will really bite in 2010," Menen said.
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Old 4th Mar 2008, 06:05
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shortage of pilots! I keep hearing this every day, but it is hard to belive when there are a lot of pilots still looking for a job. I can understand that we have a demand of captains, TRE, TRI, and flight instructors.
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Old 4th Mar 2008, 07:37
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Devil Looking for boxing team

Korean Air has expedition teams that regularly visit the United States and some other countries, such as Brazil. Indian carriers have also been eager to sign up experienced pilots from North America.
Brasillians are the first in China : Air Macau, Shenzhen Airlines, Hong Kong Airlines where they create problems, even at Jade Cargo before taken over by Capt. Kay Kratky

You can read in this forum how they create the problem e.g : Air Macau the truth, Air Macau Captain arrested on board etc
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Old 4th Mar 2008, 16:33
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Simple maths...pay the right package..and you get pilots
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Old 6th Mar 2008, 01:25
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It's true that the shortage is of experienced captains. No shortage of wanabees.
It does seem curious though the airlines still seem for the most part unwilling to take on and type rate experienced turbo prop pilots with no jet time.
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Old 6th Mar 2008, 06:55
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EVA AIR and China Airlines in taiwan will take on turbo prop guys , basically u need 1500 TT, ICAO ATPL and 500 Turbine and u will get an interview. Its a good career break to go Turbo prop to heavy jet, take the opportunity while its there!
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Old 6th Mar 2008, 19:53
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jade's silly screening test might need to change--

pushing red, green, yellow, white, gold buttons and pedals below the table--

silly questions in a psycho test--

what does that have to do with flying a 747 during the dark hours?
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Old 28th Mar 2008, 16:26
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Jade isn't serious about growing its business. They moan about not having enough pilots, but their recruitment process appears to be a joke at best. Also, they appear to be sending pilots with high time and B747 types away.

Get a life, guys! Let us know when you're ready to do business with a real package and a real interview process.

Skyward80
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Old 28th Mar 2008, 18:23
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It's true that the shortage is of experienced captains. No shortage of wanabees.
It does seem curious though the airlines still seem for the most part unwilling to take on and type rate experienced turbo prop pilots with no jet time.
Never ceases to amaze me,this anti turbo prop thing. Great machines for building handling skills. I fly the 744 worldwide with young (ex turbo prop) kids in the right seat, and they do a great job! An aircraft is an aircraft; what counts is the right Attitude to the job.
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Old 29th Mar 2008, 21:24
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"Also, they appear to be sending pilots with high time and B747 types away."
Maybe they only want to bond a pilot to make sure they stay awhile...?
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Old 30th Mar 2008, 09:21
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Yes, this appears to be the case. They think to save money that inexperienced pilots will be grateful for the rating and agree to the bond. The then believe those pilots are 'indentured' and have to stay. Just have a look at the thread on Great Wall Airlines to see how this system works at it's worst.

All they need to do to keep their pilots without trapping them into slavery is to make the place an enjoyable place to work with reasonable renumeration. This region will wake up to this fact if they want to compete for the dwindling resource that is the pilot, but until then it will be too late for some companys.
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Old 16th Apr 2008, 08:02
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Brasillians are the first in China : Air Macau, Shenzhen Airlines, Hong Kong Airlines where they create problems, even at Jade Cargo before taken over by Capt. Kay Kratky

You can read in this forum how they create the problem e.g : Air Macau the truth, Air Macau Captain arrested on board etc:

So are the Brasilians the problem, what do you mean?
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Old 16th Apr 2008, 08:21
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So there's a shortage of captains/C & T captains, instructors etc?

Where is the motivation on the part of these companies to build people up to these positions? I have seen virtually nothing being done about it - just constant 'stealing' from other carriers.
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Old 16th Apr 2008, 16:35
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Aerologic

Shortage ?? This is the reply I got from Aerologic:

"We have vacancies for about 200 to 230 Pilots until 2011. Since the 28th of January, when we started our webpage, we received an incredible number of applications. More than 1800 applicants from all over the world got themselves listed in our database. "
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Old 4th May 2008, 15:57
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Pilot shortage?

Hi all

I've just had the following answer for my application for Jade Cargo. Quote;

"After careful evaluation of your application and experience, we can not invite you to our screening." Unquote.

My qualifications and experience is as follows;
Total hours 19,437 hrs of which about 10'500 are command hours, military trained, 9 Jet transport including 4 widebodies among them the B747-300, three major airlines, 33 years airline ops in every continent and every climatic condition.

Do you think there's a shortage? And what do you think you have to do to even get to the selection?

Makes you think!
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Old 4th May 2008, 17:12
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Translation...

...they simply don't need anybody now...do not forget to put in the equation the dowturn due to escalating oil prices.

Or maybe looking for some youngters more easy to accept certain conditions...
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Old 4th May 2008, 17:32
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B26 - you haven't mentioned your age, perhaps this is the reason?
Also, Oasis Hong Kong's demise has put quite a few B747-400 Captains on the job market. Great Wall are still recruiting, as are Singapore Cargo, Air China, Yangtse Express and TNT (Liege, Belgium). The last 3 are probably for B744 rated Captains. Good luck!
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Old 1st Jun 2008, 17:39
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Maybe it's your age

Maybe the reason Jade didn't call you was your age: with experience like that, you must be about 85....hehe. Seriously: I just got invited to an interview with Jade Cargo and would like to know the scoop. Among other things, what's up with having to buy your own ticket and get reimbursed 6 weeks later? Has anyone gone through this ande been reimbursed? What if they offer me a job and I turn it down...will I still be reimbursed? What's the interview and sim check like?
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Old 12th Aug 2008, 09:14
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We must hold a line. If you are offered a position 8000+ miles from home then make them buy the ticket. If they dont practice this then you dont want to work for them anyway! Most good recruiters will purchase you the ticket. Expecting a pilot to fork out the money it takes for a ticket......buy your own type rating, get current on your own, move your family on your own dime, and guess what....half pay until you are qualified (that means off OE). All these things should be changed; and never will until WE stop sacraficing ourselves for our careers.

Just my opinion.
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Old 12th Aug 2008, 09:25
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some thinking.......

maybe jadecargo has to improve their conditions and play less with people so then they have a chance that more pilots will stay and more pilots will come
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