can pilot's personality be trained?
 

such as cautious, outgoing, assertive and confidence
or are these qualities innated?

Ah human factors
Personality is widely regarded as being cemented by the age of about seven. People's personalities do change but these are usually linked to severe incidents/ treatment such as a head injury or drug use.
What can be trained is behaviour . The subject is complex but behaviour depends on ones environment . Have a think about how you are in the flight deck or during an interview to how you are when with friends and family, you will probably be able to highlight differences.
Even in animals such as dogs we train behaviour not personality.
Hope that helps

electric shock has been known to work.

Yes, wire your co-pilot's seat up to magneto #2 and switch it on if he argues. ;)

Don't confuse personality with attitude.

Personality is largely inherited and is difficult, if not impossible, to change, unlike attitude.

I think it's been estimated you can only change up to 10% of your personality.

You can changed your levels of confidence though. Confidence is more of a behavioural trait than personality, and therefore can be increased/decreased.

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can pilot's personality be trained?

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Of course it can, you don't really think all us crusty old farts started out as such complete a'holes surely? :}