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-   -   Engine Failure (https://www.pprune.org/private-flying/423061-engine-failure.html)

Gertrude the Wombat 18th August 2010 18:50


One has an opportunity to practice a forced landing every time one lands an airplane.
Not round here. On a typical busy summer weekend it's:

"Request PFL to land"

"Negative due circuit traffic, join overhead runway ... "

bjornhall 18th August 2010 18:50


At the moment I will take the predictable 3G any time.
Those "predictable 3G" might be expected when landing on a flat, unobstructed, suitably firm surface (provided the darned thing actually works, etc etc, see previous post). But once you pull the chute you no longer have any control over where you land. You could just as well end up in high trees, power lines, on a road 30 feet in front of a semi, snag a wing on an obstacle causing you to land upside down, end up in water, and so on. No 3G then.

Cirrus might have changed their sales pitch since then, but when that thing was introduced the chute was expected and intended to save you from certain death, not injury. In a situation that would otherwise lead to a destroyed plane and a dead pilot, the chute would result in a destroyed plane and an injured pilot. Whereas an even somewhat successful forced landing results in an uninjured pilot and a possibly undamaged and probably repairable plane.

In my view, suggesting a pilot would be so poor that they would not even be able to accomplish a forced landing on suitable terrain is setting the piloting standards way, way too low.

Even a pilot who only flies 20 hours per year needs to spend enough of those hours practicing to be reasonably certain they could pull it off. That is the message that should be given, rather than "an average low hours pilot is so lousy they shouldn't even try it, just pull the chute and pray".

One thing that could probably be emphasized more is the option to choose a landing site that provides a suitable rate of deceleration. Performing a real-life forced landing on a 1000 ft smooth grass surface without rolling off the far end at speed would be somewhat challenging for many, and pulling off the same on a 500 ft field would be downright tricky. But if that 500 ft field has high, standing crop or low young trees in it, providing for deceleration in maybe 50 - 100 ft, anybody could pull it off; just land anywhere in that field, even in the last 200 ft, and you should be fine shouldn't you? (genuine question, I have not heard this method described anywhere).

Fuji Abound 18th August 2010 20:26

bjhornall

Have a look at the record.

Cirrus Airframe Parachute System (CAPS) Deployment History - Cirrus Owners and Pilots Association

It challenges some of your assumption and just about all of Mr Guppies.

My friend had over 10,000 hours, a good mix of CAT and GA. She landed her Pitts in field - and it looked a very good field indeed. The aircraft hit a rock, flipped and she spent six months in hospital. With respect tell her she was not a good pilot - not many are better.

As to your last paragraph you make a valid point. However if you read my earlier post you address the point I sort to make. Objects may help to disipate the energy but equally might fail to do so. Toying with hard objects is not predictable.

Mr Guppy

Have a look at the COPA web site (see above). The whole of your post is ill informed and has little or no basis in fact.

You are well advised to avoid getting to close to anything factual.

20driver 18th August 2010 21:43

Interesting reference to Cirrus
 
As they say never let the facts get in the way of a good story. Cirrus seems to attack a lot of stories that rarely match the facts.

Just to note, the Boulder crash was a midair and the plane was one fire. In fact I think the occupants jumped out.

Only two loss of power incidents noted, one of which was stated to be a fuel management problem. No mention of the cause of the second one so engine failure does not seem to be a major issue.

Icing was involved in a lot of the incidents, suggesting being where you don't belong remains the major menace in GA in all types of planes.

What is interesting is there are a lot more fatal incidents in Cirrus's where the CAP was not deployed. COPA is trying to drum into people to use the chute.

Another interesting note is mid airs were a driving factor behind developing the chute. But like engine failures mid airs seem to be rare on the list.

Despite all the hot air I think the CAPS is a useful device. Is it worth the price is another question.

20driver

20driver 18th August 2010 21:50

A lot of babble, little information
 
In that tirade Guppy are you saying flying single engine in IMC is stupid or that just these pilots were stupid?



20driver

20driver 18th August 2010 22:19

Vy climb to 1000 feet?
 
Conventional wisdom is it is best to climb at Vy to 1000 feet. I don't buy into that in my case.

Case A - Climb at Vy. In my TB-20 this is very nose up with no view of the ground below. If you have a failure in the 3-5 seconds it will take to identify and act you are stalled or very close to it. It will take a very strong push over and leave you in a strange attitude trying to avoid a stall and looking where to go. Trying this with an instructor has always being pretty demanding.

Case B - Climb closer to Vx - I figure if the engine does fail I want to be in a better attitude to control the plane and I'm already looking where I'm going. At my local field I know which way I will turn. (In a high wing plane I would see this differently, but I fly a low wing) You are going down, There is little point in trying to restart, so control your airspeed and fly it into the ground under control is the best you can do.

In the scenario A by the time you have things under control you have probably lost any altitude you gained over case B and you are no doubt mentally saturated.

Interesting in all the real cases listed here of failures no one has mentioned one in a GA SEP on takeoff.

20driver

Fuji Abound 18th August 2010 22:21

Cirrus are dangerous.

We can now see that the Cirrus fatal accident rate is higher than the overall general aviation (GA) rate of 1.19 fatal accidents per 100,000 flight hours.

Comparing Cirrus to the GA fleet is a tough comparison because GA includes multi-engine turboprops and turbojets flown by two pilots. This redundancy and professionalism produces significantly fewer fatal accidents. Backing out the flight hours and fatalities for those aircraft from the survey reduces flight time to about 14 million flight hours and produces about 261 fatal accidents.

Thus, the single-engine piston accident rate is about 1.86 fatal accidents per 100,000 flight hours.

The Cirrus rates of 1.42 to 1.76, depending on the time scale, compares very favorably with single-engine piston aircraft rate of 1.86.

But what about other competitive aircraft like Cessna, Beechcraft, Mooney, Columbia, or Diamond? Unfortunately, none of those manufacturers publish their fleet hours. The legacy manufacturers have produced considerably more aircraft over a long period of time, so fleet comparisons may not be meaningful. For instance, the FAA survey of GA activity reports planes less than five years old fly about 200 hours a year, while planes 25 years or older only fly 125 hours per year.

As for fleet sizes, other new manufacturers have such small fleets in comparison to Cirrus Design, perhaps one-tenth to one-third the number of airplanes, that just a few accidents can cause a huge fluctuation in their accident rates. Until more information becomes available, no meaningful comparisons are possible.

I think that is pretty balanced. Make your own mind up, but please base your views on the facts, rather than the usual ill infomed views expressed by some, who see the facts as a nuisance.

The parachute leads pilots into places they should not be.

Do you recall the many many accidents I am sure we have all read about involving pilots "finding" themselves in conditions beyond them or their aircraft (or both). Do your recall those cases of CFIT. Do you recall pilots losing instruments in IMC. Do you recall icing. I do.

Pilots can, and will always get themselves in fixes. There most of us go for the Grace of God. That doesnt mean we shouldnt do everything we can to avoid getting ourselves into a fix in the first place. However given that it will continue to happen, it is no bad thing to have an out. I think the chute is an out.

I think fitting seat belts to cars is a good idea because someone's son or daughter will think he is Stirling Moss.

With no apologies I think arguments to the contrary are dangerous and foolish because only a fool believes he will never make a mistake. I had the pleasure to be in the sim a few weeks ago with a pilot with nearly 40 years behind him, 10s of thousand hours, etc. During the simulated engine failure he "missed" a very obvious indication of the problem and "failed" to take the appropriate vital action. The training captain smiled and said nearly everyone does that! As I said you are a fool if you think you will never get yourself into a situation when the chute might come in handy unless, of course, you possess the very advanced flying skills of our friend Mr Guppy. :)

Fuji Abound 18th August 2010 22:26

Mr Guppy

Please let me help you:

Let me google that for you

:D

Thats my lot - I think it has been done to death.

20driver 18th August 2010 22:26

Quote:
In that tirade Guppy are you saying flying single engine in IMC is stupid or that just these pilots were stupid?
Both.

Truly a statement worthy of the issuer.

Big Pistons Forever 18th August 2010 22:59


Originally Posted by 20driver (Post 5878787)
Conventional wisdom is it is best to climb at Vy to 1000 feet. I don't buy into that in my case.

Case A - Climb at Vy. In my TB-20 this is very nose up with no view of the ground below. If you have a failure in the 3-5 seconds it will take to identify and act you are stalled or very close to it. It will take a very strong push over and leave you in a strange attitude trying to avoid a stall and looking where to go. Trying this with an instructor has always being pretty demanding.

Case B - Climb closer to Vx - I figure if the engine does fail I want to be in a better attitude to control the plane and I'm already looking where I'm going. At my local field I know which way I will turn. (In a high wing plane I would see this differently, but I fly a low wing) You are going down, There is little point in trying to restart, so control your airspeed and fly it into the ground under control is the best you can do.

In the scenario A by the time you have things under control you have probably lost any altitude you gained over case B and you are no doubt mentally saturated.

Interesting in all the real cases listed here of failures no one has mentioned one in a GA SEP on takeoff.

20driver

Vx (best angle of climb), is always slower than Vy (best rate of climb) so I have trouble following your logic as the higher speed of a Vy climb will produce a lower nose attitude yet still provide a high rate of climb and an acceptable angle. Climbing at Vx as you suggest produces the very nose high angle you want to avoid. I think a Vy climb to 1000 feet AGL represents a good compromise between angle, rate, nose attitude and down field position and is the SOP I use and teach to my students

flybymike 18th August 2010 23:06


Be comfortable landing with and without power. Land fast, land slow. Get comfortable hitting the numbers each and ever time. Get comfortable getting down and getting stopped. Get comfortable not using brakes.
Practising high speed landings without brakes I will pass on....

Big Pistons Forever 19th August 2010 01:06

SN3Guppy

I think the hostility of your last post is not really necessary....

Chuck Ellsworth 19th August 2010 01:32

I find myself agreeing with Guppy more and more as I read his comments.

Especially about single engine IFR, and his logical approach on adusting your climb profile to suit the airplane and the mission you are flying.

As to This:



Getting shot at with small arms, missiles, and other arms is part of the job description; a professional endeavor, as opposed to flying in one's Cessna to visit Grandma on one dark and stormy night. Big difference
.

Exactly, and unless one has experienced these things one should not form preconceived ideas about it.

Guppy the last time I had a close call flying in a no fly zone they scrambled two Mig 29's on me....one of my crew actually saw them light the afterburners.

( Dire Dawa )

20driver 19th August 2010 03:08

Got the x and y mixed up
 
Another way to look at it, if you lost power close the the ground what pitch attitude would you rather be in?
Given the reaction time to do something, I'd rather have the 20 knots extra airspeed and be able to nose over in a smooth maneuver than finding myself nose high on the verge of a stall.

It would be interesting to calculate the total energy vs time for a Vx and Vy climb profile to 1000 feet. I suspect the difference is minor. Might make a fun little flying experiment to time the two profiles.

A second consideration is relative risk. Engine failures on climb out are very rare. So are collisions in the traffic pattern. Both have happened in the area I fly in, but collisions are more frequent. On a TB-20 with a long cowling you have a limited forward view in a nose high attitude, so climbing at a lower rate with a lower pitch gives you some safety margin in terms of visibility.


20driver

- We did have a plane loose power on takeoff at a local field. The cause, I was told, was water in the fuel.

VMC-on-top 20th August 2010 13:56

Guppy, so you are saying that single engine IMC is dangerous and shouldn't be done at all - ever?

I have an IMC rating and don't make a habit of flying in hard IMC but have flown on top many times since getting the rating. My criteria for flying on top (or in IMC) are

1. Don't fly on top where the MSA is in the clouds and
2. Don't try to climb on top where the freezing level is well below the tops.

Are you therefore saying that anyone with an IMCR or an IR who flies SEP should just not venture out at all unless its clear VMC for the whole route? No-one would fly if that were the case, would they? Surely, there's an argument which says that in actual fact, flying MEP in IMC is (potentially) more dangerous for the simple facts that there is the temptation by many MEP owners to fly closer to the limits of maintenance etc. and if they are in hard IMC and have an engine failure, there is a greater chance of loss of control?

I'm not talking about those pilots / owners who fly 1000+ hrs a year but the "average" GA, say 50-100hrs p.a.?

I only have 150 hours total so I'm not in a position to preach to anyone, I'm just more than a little surprised I suppose, at the suggestion that "anyone" flying SEP in IMC (or on top) is asking for trouble - period?

IO540 20th August 2010 18:16

Mr Guppy (a CIA agent and a one-time Belgian Congo mercenary, apparently, whose biggest risk in aviation is small arms fire) does his best to make some good points (like quite a few of the Cirrus chute deployments being nothing other than sheer pilot stupidity, which I agree with) but he then he totally undermines his fearsome reputation with

Pilot disorientation in instrument conditions, in a single engine piston airplane. Pilot shouldn't have been there to begin with.
What a load of utter bollox.

Contacttower 20th August 2010 21:56


What a load of utter bollox.
I quite agree, the number of engines one has has nothing to do with disorientation. I think this whole thread has got a bit silly actually and in fact the Cirrus discussion is giving me a serious sense of deja vu. No one is really posting anything particularly profound or useful. Loads of people on here fly single engine IFR (including myself) and are completely fine with it but I think would rather balk at the prospect of being shot down. I know which risk I'm happier with. :E

Pilot DAR 21st August 2010 01:26


the number of engines one has has nothing to do with disorientation
Well... it might, if one engine stops, and the pilot gets disoriented, and loses control, while trying to maintain control on the other....

Contacttower 21st August 2010 12:09


The allegiance to single engine instrument flying is generally the domain of the inexperienced; those who simply don't know better yet.
I think it is much more to do with cost actually.

I would much rather fly IMC in the modern G1000 C182 that I do for example with its solid state AHRS and vacuum pump driven back up AI, backup battery for the essential systems and all the other trimmings that a modern IFR certified GPS/EFIS system comes with than the vast majority of shabby twins you see lying around in the UK which cost a lot more and are more complicated to operate. Although Guppy you quite rightly warn against using aircraft with single power sources for the instruments in reality few people actually fly IFR regularly with just one vacuum pump even if the aircraft itself has only one engine. I find it ironic as well that you criticise the Cirrus when in fact the latest versions have excellent system redundancy, the G1000 system for the Cirrus for example has two separate AHRS systems. They are designed to fly IFR safely and can so, which has nothing to do with idiots flying into thunderstorms or getting disorientated. 737s have crashed due to pilot disorientation just as Cirri have, it is not usually the aircraft's fault.

I personally think the Cirrus is an excellent design and has really improved the piston end of the GA scene in the US in terms of the quality of the aircraft available.


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