Accurate Temperature Correction Formula

[Alpine Flyer]

I am trying to develop an Excel formula for exact temperature correction for a friend, following the "accurate" formula from PANS-OPS Section III 4.3.4.1:


Correction = trianglehPaircraft - trianglehGaircraft = (-triangleTstd/L0) * Ln[(1 + L0 * trianglehPaircraft)/(T0 + L0*hPaerodrome)]



Where:
trianglehPaircraft = Aircraft height above aerodrome (pressure) ft
trianglehGaircraft = Aircraft height above aerodrome (geopotential) ft
triangleTstd = Temperature deviation from the ISA temperature K
L0 = Standard temperature lapse rate with pressure
altitude in the first layer (sea level to tropopause)
of the ISA.(See note (b) below) K/ft
T0 = Standard temperature at sea level K
hPaerodrome = Aerodrome height (pressure) ft


I have devised the following Excel Formula:

=(-"ISADEV"/-0,0019812)*LN((1+-0,0019812*"MDH")/(288,15+-0,0019812*"APAlt"))

where "ISADEV" is the temperature deviation from ISA (usually a negative number in cold weather)
"MDH" is the minimum descent height in ft
"APAlt" is the airport altitude in ft
-0,0019812 is the lapse rate in K/ft and 288,15 is ISA/sea level in K.

This results in meaningless results.

I am challenged by not really understanding why the basic formula should work and would be grateful for any hints on where I might have erred in applying it.

[eckhard]

4ft per degree C dev per 1000ft above source elevation.

I don't know how to express that in terms that would fit your excel formula, sorry!

[WeeJeem]

It all seems terribly overcomplicated :confused:


The ISA model is quite simple and straightforward...

Metric:
T = T0 - 6.5 (h/1000)
where
T0 is the ISA temperature (15C)
h is altitude in meters
T is the temperature at altitude h
Imperial:
T = T0 - 1.98 (h/1000)
where
T0 is the ISA temperature (15C)
h is altitude in feet
T is the temperature at altitude h

[eckhard]

WeeJeem,

Thanks for those formulæ but I think that Alpine Flyer is looking for a formula that expresses the error between indicated and true altitude, given a deviation from the ISA temperature.

[Alpine Flyer]

@eckhard: the 4% formula is the "simple" formula but limited to temperatures down to -15C. Beyond that, PANS OPS offers a table that covers lower temperatures but is limited to 5000ft and two more formulae, the more complicated of which was the reason for my post.

As probably all those formulae are but child's play for a modern Computer, IMHO it does not make sense to use the simplified versions rather than going for the most accurate calculation.

@WeeJam: I have understood lapse rate (which is 1,9812C per 1000ft to be exact ;)) but lapse rate is just one building block for calculating cold temperature correction.

Any other input welcome. It must be possible to solve this!

[compressor stall]

There's a simpler ICAO formula that's pretty good, without the ln....

Unless your friend is seriously seriously scientific (and in which case would know how to use it anyway?) try that one.

[alphacentauri]

Try this...

=(B6-B2)*((15-(B8+(0.00198*B2)))/((273+(B8+(0.00198*B2)))-(0.5*0.00198*((B6-B2)+B2))))

Where: B6 is aircraft alt (ft)
B2 is aerodrome elevation (ft)
B8 is aerodrome temperature

The formula is copied straight from my spreadsheet and should work if the correct values are assigned. The formula is an older one but should work for your purposes.

Alpha

[Alpine Flyer]

@alphacentauri:

Thanks, this seems to be the first equation from 4.3.3 that is valid for altimeter setting sources up to 10.000ft (which should be sufficient for Europe) but only 5000ft above source.

According to 8168 this equation was used to calculate the "standard table" that is also valid up to 5000ft above source.

So it can't be used for higher altitudes of rather low-lying airports in mountainous areas (such as Innsbruck or Geneva) which have minimum crossing altitudes more than 5000ft above the airport.

[ja1234]

Hi everyone,

I have a simple question, cannot calculate following formula for use following example value as Ln value was minus. (excel shows "#NUM!" error)
How can I get a correct answer ?

Ex.
Airport Temp; -40C
Airport Elevation; 10ft
Aircraft Altitude; 3000ft

=(-"ISADEV"/-0,0019812)*LN((1+-0,0019812*"MDH")/(288,15+-0,0019812*"APAlt"))

where "ISADEV" is the temperature deviation from ISA (usually a negative number in cold weather)
"MDH" is the minimum descent height in ft
"APAlt" is the airport altitude in ft
-0,0019812 is the lapse rate in K/ft and 288,15 is ISA/sea level in K.

[Lumbanraja]

Hi to all,
has anyone got a solution for this? Maybe there's a mistake within the displayed formula.
I've tried out everything (+/- values, °C iso K...) but there's never a result that makes any sense.
Has anyone access to the equation #24 of the ESDU publication Performance, Vol. 2, Item No. 77022?
Thanxx al lot so far...:O

[eckhard]

Error of approx 660ft? True altitude 2340ft

[Atlas Shrugged]

Spreadsheet (https://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Altimeter_Temperature_Error_Correction)

This might help. There's a link to a spreadsheet at the bottom of the article under "Further Reading"

[EEngr]

I have devised the following Excel Formula:

=(-"ISADEV"/-0,0019812)*LN((1+-0,0019812*"MDH")/(288,15+-0,0019812*"APAlt"))

where "ISADEV" is the temperature deviation from ISA (usually a negative number in cold weather)
"MDH" is the minimum descent height in ft
"APAlt" is the airport altitude in ft
-0,0019812 is the lapse rate in K/ft and 288,15 is ISA/sea level in K.

This results in meaningless results.

I am challenged by not really understanding why the basic formula should work and would be grateful for any hints on where I might have erred in applying it.

A quick examination of this formula reveals that for MDH over about 500 ft, the term (1+-0,0019812*"MDH") in your spreadsheet formula turns negative. The natural log (LN) of a negative number is undefined (unless you are an electrical engineer :E).

[Lumbanraja]

Good news if anyone is interested....
I found the bug, the accompaning pdf documentation from Eurocontrol folowing the link in post #12 shows the correct equation.

=(-"ISADEV"/-0,0019812)*LN(1+(-0,0019812*"MDH")/(288,15+-0,0019812*"APAlt"))

the 1+ is prior the fraction... Sombody within ICAO seems not to be aware of maths basics ;-)
Like that, it works fine...

BG

[Alpine Flyer]

ICAO has acknowledged the error in the meantime but given the glacial pace of publication it might take a few more years for a corrected version to reach the public.