F-16guy, thanks for the insights on interception.
The drawing you linked in #30 is of course an illustration of the famous
trolley problem, which has many variants; I don't know whether the ethicists have nailed down the answer(s). In any case, as you say, governments have likely thought about the issue and come to conclusions and established procedures; if they haven't by now, they're negligent. But I wonder if there may be grey areas where neighboring governments have come to different conclusions. The Germans say, no shooting down, which like you I respect; the US apparently says, down the hijacked aircraft by any means. Each country presumably has its own policy somewhere in the spectrum between the German line and the US line. What happens when the aircraft is crossing borders between territories with different policies?