As speed increased, I'm guessing the lift asymmetry became more deadly.
Perhaps the most surprising thing about that picture for me is that the aircraft is actually climbing, with a flap missing, what looks like an engine out, unknown other aerofoil damage, U/C damage, and probably losing hydraulics, all in 30 degrees ambient temperature.
And the missing flap: damned if you do, damned if you don't. Too slow and the wing will stall; too fast and the asymmetry rolls you over in the same direction. Which is it?