Smott, I'm guessing that you know it takes a long time for the agreements that countries sign up to - e.g. in ICAO terms - to filter down to the rank and file. So, yes, you can go crash wherever you like, with dispatchers' reluctant blessing.
Claudia may have had legal authority to prevent the LaMia flight departure but, in practice, not. The dichotomy will probably play out over the next few days and I'm sure it will rock the boat in Bolivia; seems heads rolling in DGAC already.