In the civilian world, exascot they would (in theory at least) take an overall view of the facts and dish the dirt accordingly. In practice, in most instances, if the F/O screws up, so does the Capt. unless he's clearly done something that wasn't preventable. If an F/O, say put a wheel off during a crosswind landing the Captains decision to allow him the landing in those conditions would come under close scrutiny.
In your opening example of the CAS joyride the civil criminal justice system would probably take precedence in the likely event that someone was hurt or, worse, killed. A court might well regard the decision to allow an unqualified pilot to attempt to land an aircraft as grossly negligent and unless there was an exceptionally strong operational reason, they'd both be facing jail time.