There is a significant difference between glider (and surfboard) repairs involving fibre-glass materials and that is the elastic modulus of carbon is much higher.
Gliders do use carbon fibre for wing spars since 1972, and have nothing to to with surfboards. Glider do operate carbon fibre to stress levels even above what large aeroplanes do. The only (and probably most relevant) difference is that gliders are typically clean, while large aeroplanes are contaminated by fuel, oil, hydraulic fluid, deeicers... you name it, they are exposed to it. To do a bondes repair to contaminated structures requires extremely throrough cleaning, otherwise it becomes dangerous. Thats why bolted repair is so popular.