the point of modern accident analysis and investigation should not be focused on why you did not see the hole (or whole for that matter),
but why the hole was there in the first place,
Why the race organisers did not notify you about it
why the street maintenance people did not repair it before you fell in......
You get the picture..... all accidents have multiple causes and many can be avoided by simply by filling in the hole.
Cheers
Kent
I understand your point but I do not accept it as practical to achieve best possible safety.
The expression
"but-for" to describe the existance of a hole that led to a causal chain ending in an accident is simplistic in finding fault but not in the prevention of accidents emanating from a causal chain.
In complex systems one must presume multiple sources of initial faults and therfore the need for multiple barriers. Thus the variance initiating faults is presumed to be dealt with by
"in-spite of" barriers any one of which by itself prevents the accident. So then ask yourself which one is easiest to fix?