Interflug;
Does the A320 FDR also record the indicated wind component such as displayed on the PFD? Would the sampling interval be small enough to allow for the reliable measurement of short strong gusts
Almost certainly it does as it is the same information from the databus.
More accurately, with regard to the ND wind (wind isn't displayed on the PFD), the parameter for "what is displayed", (if programmed into the DFDR or QAR dataframe at all), would be a different parameter than the one used to record the actual wind info as sensed by the 3 ADIRS. To be very precise, the digital display is in degrees true while the wind-arrow is in degrees magnetic. In practical terms there would not be a difference between the two but the DMC's create the display, from the ADIRS data.
Wind direction and speed are usually sampled once per second. In response to a question above, this would likely be sufficient to record a sudden gust but not necessarily the gust's peak speed or exact direction at peak windspeed. The FODA QAR will very likely be doing the same as the DFDR but likely records far more parameters.