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A37575
27th Apr 2011, 10:14
Fleet Air Arm pilots practiced constantly low level high speed, low level flying on instruments. In a dual seat aircraft (Hawker Hunter) there would be a safety pilot monitoring while the practicing pilot would fly at all speeds up to 450 kts or so and up to 60 degress of bank at 500 feet over the sea. The practicing pilot would have his artificial horizon covered and would have a hood on his visor. This was called limited panel flying and was designed to speed up and sharpen pilot scanning of the instruments.
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This report was found on the Pprune Aviation History forum. With the push for ever increasing levels of automation to compensate for lack of flight crew manipulative instrument flying skills, the days of real flying skills are long since gone. On the other hand it doesn't hurt to read of these past skills and even try to emulate them in the simulator rather than allowing complacency to creep in. Mind you, 60 degrees angle of bank at 500 ft on the standby ADI would certainly test the simulator as well as the pilot!

In his book "Handling the Big Jets", D.P Davies the British ARB test pilot said, "Do not become lazy in your professional lives. The autopilot is a great comfort, so are the flight director and approach coupler. But do not get into the position where you need these devices to complete a flight. Keep in practice in raw data ILS, particularly in crosswinds. Keep in practice in hand-flying the aeroplane at altitude and in making purely visual approaches.

As we get older we all become slightly more lazy, slightly more tired - and this is a bit of a trap. The demand of jet flying can best be met by enthusiasm. Enthusiasm thus generates its own protection. This is the frame of mind which needs to be developed for the best execution of the airline pilot's task".
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Nowadays, there are many restrictions requiring the use of automatics in certain airspace. But there is also ample opportunity to hand fly within commonsense. There is also ample opportunity to find excuses not to keep your hand in.:ok:

RATpin
27th Apr 2011, 10:23
Good post Bloke,Timely reminder!
Cheers

Jabawocky
27th Apr 2011, 11:11
I seemed to do it better......and when I have all the gizmo's I probably do worse.

Mind you a few VOR's and a hold is one thing, several hours of it might be tiresome :sad:

Shot Nancy
27th Apr 2011, 14:59
artificial horizon covered
So how you you know you have 60 degrees angle of bank?
Easy, 2 G level should do it!

Lodown
28th Apr 2011, 03:22
Rough counting of the time for the turn works too.

A37575
28th Apr 2011, 05:08
So how you you know you have 60 degrees angle of bank?
Easy, 2 G level should do it!

Very old aircraft sometimes had a turn and bank indicator measuring Rate one to rate Four turns. Tiger Moth had one. The Moth also had a degrees of skid as part of the Turn and bank Indicator. Spinning on limited panel was part of normal basic instrument flying practice usually as part of the PPL syllabus after first solo. This is where the Turn and Bank Indicator (sometimes called Turn and Slip Indicator) was invaluable. During a spin say to the left, the turn needle showed hard over left while the slip needle showed hard over right (yaw). Normal spin recovery on instruments required the pilot to take standard spin recovery action and while doing so watch the turn indicator carefully.

As soon as the needle centralised as part of the recovery the rudders were centralised and the aircraft was then pulled out of the dive. If you were too slow in centralising the rudder the aircraft would reverse the direction of spin and you had to start the recovery all over again. But you had to be careful to ensure the turn needle was not slightly off centre during the ensuing pull out as the G loading on the needle could further pull the needle further off centre creating a false indication of one wing down as if turning.

Momentary unloading of the G forces would cause the bank indicator to regain true vertical and the pull out was then wings level.

There are a couple of Tiger Moths used for joy flights at Point Cook. Ask the instructor to put you under the hood in a spin and remember the instructions mentioned above.

Pontius
28th Apr 2011, 05:19
MMMmm, not wishing to detract from the worthy point of the thread but the low level steep turns were carried out using the head-down instruments, including the horizon, once the HUD had been 'failed' by the IRE in the right seat (Hunter) or back seat (Harrier). These were, indeed, 450kts/60 AoB/500'. Having then initiated a low-level abort manoeuvre and diversion, the intrepid aviators would climb up for high-level exercises (including steep turns at altitude) and a host of UPs etc on head-up and head-down instruments. In the Hunter, not the Harrier, it was then possible to practice limited panel flying and a 'sticky' plastic circle would be stuck over the AI, with the HUD 'failed'. Then is was a case of turn indicator and performance instruments. This wasn't possible in the Harrier because (a)there wasn't a turn indicator and (b)the IRE was in the back and the guy in the front would have cheated any way he could, including telling you he'd covered the AI when he hadn't ;)

The REAL fun came with the finale of the flight; a simulated carrier controlled approach on head-down instruments.......MUCH easier to watch from the back than do from the front :eek:

A37575
28th Apr 2011, 12:10
MMMmm, not wishing to detract from the worthy point of the thread


Your post certainly did not detract in fact it was fascinating reading. Pprune Forum Aviation History and Nostalgia has a current thread running on Royal Navy history of Scimitar crashes. Now that was gutsy flying.