You may not find a specific reference because it's too basic. Any control engineering text looking at system dynamics using Laplace or similar makes this issue self-evident. Control systems implement negative feedback to achieve stability (a deviation triggers a control input in the opposite sense to the deviation). Latency is essentially phase-lag, and any phase lag in a negative-feedback system produces positive feedback (instability) resulting in either oscillation or divergence. That's the basic bit, but at deeper levels you can have nth-order phase lag (ie where the lag is in the velocity, acceleration or jerk response rather than the position response) which need to be understood mathematically for the correct fixes to be applied.
As a practical example one of the test pilot memoirs I've read talked about the Fairy Delta-II (I think) whose powered control system was rather experimental and suffered lags in the hydraulics until the oil warmed up (or something like that). So when each pilot flew it for the first time they would climb away with an apparently uncontrolable 1-2Hz pitch oscillation which would be rather alarming for the first five minutes, and then progressively disappeared.
PDR