What is the usual range of positions for the THS in normal cruising flight ?
Quick and very oversimplified answer :- It depends on the CofG.
Less simple but still incomplete :-
[ Airbus drivers please feel free to correct this explanation ]
First you need to forget the concept of a stick and trimwheel as seen on light aircraft where the stick can move the elevators from full up to full down and the trim wheel is a fine control used to unload forces fed back to the stick.
In an airliner with a THS there is no separate elevator or trim tab, the entire horizontal stabiliser is moved by jacks.
In the Airbus the side stick is effectively a fine control which moves the THS within a limited range. The trim wheel is effectively the coarse control with full authority from full up to full down. If sidestick inputs reach the limit of their effective range the autotrim system system acts, think of this as moving the small window of movement available to the sidestick up and down within the full THS range.
If a pilot holds the sidestick in the full up or full down position the autotrim will obey and drive the THS to its limit. Note that if the pilot now releases the sidestick to its neutral position the sidestick now has a small window of effectiveness at the limit of THS travel.
To get the aircraft back from this extreme situation the pilot must either hold the opposite input for a long time or start winding the trim wheel.
Thus in the case of AF447 it would have taken a long time to get the nose back down from where the idiot pilot had driven it.