737Jock
In other words we check what climb gradient is required based on obstacles and AFM limits and take the highest to determine our limited weight.
No.
Pilots don't have the requisite obstacle data to perform those calculations.
Part 25 instructs the manufacturers on the weight limits and performance data that must be provided in AFM's.
In FAA-land, 121.189 is the
operating regulation.
AC 120-91 describes how operators can comply with 121.189. It also makes clear that TERPS and OEI operations are not the same.
The calculations are far too complex for pilots who are not performance engineers.