I'll have a stab at it............
To some airframe manufacturers a stall constitutes a 'sudden stoppage' occurance with the accompanying (expensive) inspections and component overhauls.
Faulty bleed valves, over-fuelling and mis-matched airflows between compressors and turbines are common causes. The 500ER had a bad rap in some quarters from stall/surge characteristics of the engine. A PNG operator mandated that only matched modules from the test rig were swapped as a pair after many years of heartache. I am sure there are others here that have experienced this.
But having just re-read your query, my understanding is that there is very little difference between the two terms, I suspect that if you wanted to split hairs a stall is more to do bleed valve problems whilst the surge is 'flow reversal' for want of a term.
I stand to be corrected........
