The quick answer is Yes.
Engines and Props have overhaul times usually set by the manufacturer of the component. These may be changed by the use they are subjected to also. An example may be an engine fitted to an aerobatic aircraft has a reduced time due to the potential increased stresses over its life.
Other components may have reduced time due to regulators such as the R22 rotor blades.
Airframes and other components may be time limited